building.measurement.lab_improvement

Improvement of sound insulation measured in the laboratory: a lining on a basic element and a floor covering on a reference floor (ISO 10140-1:2021 Annexes G and H).

A lining and a floor covering are products that are never sold alone: each is added to a wall or a floor, and what the laboratory measures is how much it adds. ISO 10140-1 therefore measures the element twice, without and with the product, and reports the difference band by band; the single number that describes the product is then read on a standard element rather than on the laboratory’s own, so that two laboratories with different walls report the same lining the same way.

Linings, Annex G. The sound reduction improvement index is $\Delta R=R_{\mathrm{with}}-R_{\mathrm{without}}$ per one-third-octave band (G.1). On one of the standard basic elements of ISO 10140-5:2021 Annex B (the heavy wall of about 350 kg/m², the heavy concrete floor, the lightweight wall of about 70 kg/m²), the single numbers are ΔRw, Δ(Rw + C) and Δ(Rw + Ctr) of ISO 717-1:2020 Annex D, read on the element’s reference curve (G.5 c), weighted_reduction_improvement). On any other basic element they are the direct differences ΔRw,direct, Δ(Rw + C)direct and Δ(Rw + Ctr)direct of Formula (D.2), which describe the lining only on that element. G.4 adds one numeric condition, on the curing of the basic element (check_lining_curing).

Floor coverings, Annex H. The improvement of impact sound insulation is $\Delta L=L_{n0}-L_{\mathrm{n}}$ per band (Formula (H.1)), on the heavyweight reference floor or on one of the three lightweight (timber) reference floors of ISO 10140-5:2021 Annex C. The octave values follow from Formula (H.2), $\Delta L_{\mathrm{oct}}=-10{\log }_{10}[(1/3)\sum 10^{-\Delta L_j/10}]$, and the single numbers ΔLw (heavyweight) or ΔLt,1,w, ΔLt,2,w, ΔLt,3,w (lightweight) with their adaptation terms from ISO 717-2:2020 Clauses 5 and 6 (weighted_impact_improvement), on the reference curves of its Table 4. H.6.1 adds the improvement for the heavy/soft (rubber ball) source, $\Delta L_{\mathrm{r}}=L_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{Fmax},0}-L_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{Fmax}}$ (Formula (H.3)).

Citations are to ISO 10140-1:2021 (third edition) and, for the reference curves, to ISO 717-1:2020 and ISO 717-2:2020, which since the 2021 edition of ISO 10140-5 are where those curves are printed.

Auto-generated from the source docstrings by scripts/generate_api_docs.py (make api-docs). Do not edit by hand.

check_lining_curing(
    curing_time_days: float,
    time_lag_days: float,
    *,
    required_curing_days: float = 14.0,
) -> LiningCuringCheck

Is the basic element settled enough for the two measurements (G.4)?

ΔR is the difference of two measurements of the same element, so the element must not change between them: “it shall either be at its final condition or the two measurements shall be carried out within a sufficiently short time interval”. For masonry and concrete G.4 puts numbers on both ways out, and either one suffices:

• a curing period of not less than two weeks (required_curing_days, unless the product specification sets another); or
• a time lag between the two measurements of at most one third of the curing time elapsed before the first one. G.4’s example: measurements carried out within 1 d can start 3 d after the end of construction.

G.4 also asks the lining and its fixing to have reached their final condition before the second measurement, which has no number and is not judged here.

Parameters

Returns: A LiningCuringCheck.

Raises

heavy_impact_improvement(
    l_i_fmax_0_db: ArrayLike,
    l_i_fmax_db: ArrayLike,
    frequencies_hz: ArrayLike,
) -> HeavyImpactImprovementResult

Improvement of a floor covering under the rubber ball (H.6.1).

The floor covering is laid on a reference floor of ISO 10140-5:2021 Annex C and the maximum impact sound pressure level Li,Fmax of the heavy/soft impact source (ISO 10140-3:2021 Annex A, the rubber ball of ISO 10140-5:2021 Annex F) is measured without and with it; the improvement is $\Delta L_{\mathrm{r}}=L_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{Fmax},0}-L_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{Fmax}}$ in each band (Formula (H.3)). The source is characterised in octave bands from 31,5 Hz to 500 Hz, and the levels are usually taken in the octaves 63 Hz to 500 Hz or the matching one-third octaves (heavy_impact_octave_levels).

Parameters

Returns: A HeavyImpactImprovementResult.

Raises

HeavyImpactImprovementResult(
    frequencies_hz: np.ndarray,
    l_i_fmax_0_db: np.ndarray,
    l_i_fmax_db: np.ndarray,
    improvement_db: np.ndarray,
)

Improvement for the heavy/soft impact source (ISO 10140-1:2021 H.6.1).

Attributes

HeavyImpactImprovementResult.plot(
    ax: Axes | None = None,
    *,
    language: str = 'en',
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Axes

Plot the improvement ΔLr per band.

Requires matplotlib (pip install phonometry[plot]); returns the Axes.

lab_floor_covering_improvement(
    l_n0_db: ArrayLike,
    l_n_db: ArrayLike,
    frequencies_hz: ArrayLike,
    *,
    reference_floor: ReferenceFloor = 'heavyweight',
) -> LabFloorCoveringImprovementResult

Improvement of impact sound insulation by a floor covering (ISO 10140-1 H).

The reference floor is measured to ISO 10140-3 with the tapping machine, without and then with the covering at the same positions, and the improvement is $\Delta L=L_{n0}-L_{\mathrm{n}}$ in each one-third-octave band (Formula (H.1)). The weighted reduction is read on the reference curve of the floor it was measured on, ISO 717-2:2020 Table 4: ΔLw on the heavyweight concrete floor (Clause 5) and ΔLt,1,w, ΔLt,2,w or ΔLt,3,w on the lightweight floors of type No 1, 2 and 3 (Clause 6), each with its adaptation term (Formulas (A.4) and (A.6)). The result also carries the two ratings H.5 i) asks the report to state beside them: the reference floor with the covering (Ln,r,w, CI,r) and the measured bare floor (Ln,0,w, CI,0).

ISO 717-2:2020 5.4 confines a ΔLw measured on the concrete slab to “similar types of massive floors”; a covering meant for a timber floor is measured on a lightweight reference floor. The wooden mock-up of ISO 10140-5:2021 Annex G is the alternative for a laboratory that cannot build one (H.6.2): Annex H names no reference curve for it, so its ΔL describes the covering on a similar board and the rating it is given here is the one of the reference_floor the caller names.

Parameters

Returns: A LabFloorCoveringImprovementResult.

Raises

lab_lining_improvement(
    r_without_db: ArrayLike,
    r_with_db: ArrayLike,
    frequencies_hz: ArrayLike,
    *,
    basic_element: BasicElement | None = 'heavy_wall',
) -> LabLiningImprovementResult

Improvement of airborne sound insulation by a lining (ISO 10140-1:2021 G).

The basic element is measured to ISO 10140-2 without and then with the lining, and the improvement is $\Delta R=R_{\mathrm{with}}-R_{\mathrm{without}}$ in each one-third-octave band (G.1). What it says about the lining depends on the element it was measured on (G.2):

• on a standard basic element of ISO 10140-5:2021 Annex B the single numbers ΔRw, Δ(Rw + C) and Δ(Rw + Ctr) are read on that element’s reference curve, which generalises them beyond the laboratory (ISO 717-1:2020 Annex D; G.5 c));
• on any other element (basic_element=None) only the direct differences of the measured single numbers are defined, ΔRw,direct = Rw,with - Rw,without (ISO 717-1:2020 Formula (D.2)), which “include the particular features of the laboratory and the basic element” (G.2 c)).

The direct differences are returned in both cases, since they need only the two measured curves. The single numbers need the 16 rating bands 100 Hz to 3 150 Hz; a spectrum without them keeps its per-band ΔR and reports no rating.

NOTE 2 of G.1 leaves linings on flexible lightweight structures (timber frame floors, double-leaf gypsum board walls) outside the annex, and NOTE 1 limits the result to direct airborne transmission; neither can be read off the numbers, so neither is refused here.

Parameters

Returns: A LabLiningImprovementResult.

Raises

LabFloorCoveringImprovementResult(
    frequencies_hz: np.ndarray,
    l_n0_db: np.ndarray,
    l_n_db: np.ndarray,
    improvement_db: np.ndarray,
    reference_floor: str,
    delta_lw_db: int | None,
    ci_delta_db: int | None,
    reference_rating: ImpactRatingResult | None,
    bare_rating: ImpactRatingResult | None,
)

Improvement of impact sound insulation by a floor covering (Annex H).

Attributes

property

"ΔLw" on the heavyweight floor, "ΔLt,n,w" on floor No n (H.1).

LabFloorCoveringImprovementResult.octave_bands() -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]

(octave centres in Hz, ΔLoct in dB) by Formula (H.2).

$\Delta L_{\mathrm{oct}}=-10{\log }_{10}[(1/3)\sum 10^{-\Delta L_j/10}]$ over the three one-third-octave bands of each octave present.

LabFloorCoveringImprovementResult.plot(
    ax: Axes | None = None,
    *,
    language: str = 'en',
    rating_range: bool = False,
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Axes

Plot the improvement ΔL per band with its weighted reduction.

Requires matplotlib (pip install phonometry[plot]); returns the Axes.

Parameters

LabFloorCoveringImprovementResult.report(
    path: str,
    *,
    metadata: ReportMetadata | None = None,
    engine: str = 'reportlab',
    verbose: bool = False,
    language: str = 'en',
) -> str

Render the form of ISO 10140-1:2021 Figure H.4 to a one-page PDF.

“An example of the form for the expression of results … is given in Figure H.4. The user is allowed to copy this form” (H.6.3). The sheet carries its fields: manufacturer and product, client, test room, who mounted the specimen, the date, the description of the facility and specimen, the type of reference floor, the mass per unit area, the curing time, the air temperature and humidity in the source room and the receiving room volume; the one-third-octave table of $L_{\mathrm{n},0}$ and $\Delta L$ beside the $\Delta L$ diagram with the frequency range of the ISO 717-2 rating marked; the rating $\Delta L_{\mathrm{w}}$ (or $\Delta L_{\mathrm{t},\mathrm{n},\mathrm{w}}$) and $C_{\mathrm{I}\Delta }$ with the two floor ratings of H.5 i); and the statement that the result comes from an artificial source on a specified reference floor. The form also asks for $C_{\mathrm{I},\mathrm{r},50\text{-}2500}$, which the reference floors of ISO 717-2:2020 Table 4 cannot give below 100 Hz; the sheet says so in its place.

Parameters

Returns: The written path as a str.

Raises

LabLiningImprovementResult(
    frequencies_hz: np.ndarray,
    r_without_db: np.ndarray,
    r_with_db: np.ndarray,
    delta_r_db: np.ndarray,
    basic_element: str | None,
    rating: ReductionImprovementRating | None,
    delta_rw_direct_db: int | None,
    delta_rw_c_direct_db: int | None,
    delta_rw_ctr_direct_db: int | None,
)

Improvement of airborne sound insulation by a lining (ISO 10140-1 Annex G).

Attributes

LabLiningImprovementResult.octave_bands() -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]

(octave centres in Hz, ΔRoct in dB) (ISO 717-1:2020 Formula (D.1)).

$\Delta R_{\mathrm{oct}}=-10{\log }_{10}[(1/3)\sum 10^{-\Delta R_j/10}]$ over the three one-third-octave bands of each octave, for every octave whose three bands are present.

LabLiningImprovementResult.plot(
    ax: Axes | None = None,
    *,
    language: str = 'en',
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Axes

Plot the improvement ΔR per band with its single numbers.

Requires matplotlib (pip install phonometry[plot]); returns the Axes.

LiningCuringCheck(
    curing_time_days: float,
    time_lag_days: float,
    required_curing_days: float,
)

Whether the basic element was stable across the two measurements (G.4).

The verdicts are read from the three times and the third G.4 prints, so they are not fields: a check cannot be built to pass times the clause fails.

Attributes

property

Whether the curing time reaches required_curing_days.

Inclusive, and compared with a relative slack so that a time on the bound is not failed by the binary rounding of the product.

property

The curing time at which the lag condition is first met, in days.

Three times the time lag: the G.4 example reads it the other way round, two measurements carried out within 1 d “can be started not less than 3 d after the end of construction”.

property

Whether the time lag is at most a third of the curing time, the alternative G.4 allows.

Inclusive, with the same slack: the printed 1 d and 3 d, or 2,1 d and 6,3 d, are on the bound.

property

Whether either condition holds.

LiningCuringCheck.plot(
    ax: Axes | None = None,
    *,
    language: str = 'en',
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Axes

Plot the admissible curing time and time lag with this measurement.

Requires matplotlib (pip install phonometry[plot]); returns the Axes.